Work on Texture class

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -27,10 +27,7 @@ find_package(Qt6 COMPONENTS OpenGLWidgets REQUIRED)
 set(SOURCES app/main.cpp)
 qt6_add_resources(SOURCES resources.qrc)
 
-add_executable(
-    qtk             # Executable name
-    ${SOURCES}      # Executable source code
-)
+add_executable(qtk ${SOURCES})
 
 ################################################################################
 # External Libraries

README.md

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Be sure to take note of the Qt6 installation directory, as we will need it to co
 
 Once Qt6 is installed, to build and run `qtk` on Ubuntu -
 ```bash
-sudo apt update -y && sudo apt install freeglut3-dev libassimp-dev cmake build-essential git
+sudo apt update -y && sudo apt install libassimp-dev cmake build-essential git
 git clone https://gitlab.com/shaunrd0/qtk && cd qtk
 mkdir build && cd build
 cmake .. -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$HOME/Qt6/6.2.3/gcc_64 && cmake --build .

app/main.cpp

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
 #include <QApplication>
 #include <QLabel>
 
-#include <mainwidget.h>
 #include <mainwindow.h>
+#include <QSurfaceFormat>
 
 
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])

src/camera3d.cpp

@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ const QMatrix4x4 & Camera3D::toMatrix()
 {
   mWorld.setToIdentity();
   // Qt6 renamed QMatrix4x4::conjugate() to conjugated()
-  mWorld.rotate(mTransform.rotation().conjugated());
-  mWorld.translate(-mTransform.translation());
+  mWorld.rotate(mTransform.getRotation().conjugated());
+  mWorld.translate(-mTransform.getTranslation());
   return mWorld;
 }
 

src/camera3d.h

@@ -24,18 +24,18 @@ public:
   // Accessors
   inline Transform3D & transform() { return mTransform;}
   inline const QVector3D & translation() const
-  { return mTransform.translation();}
+  { return mTransform.getTranslation();}
   inline const QQuaternion & rotation() const
-  { return mTransform.rotation();}
+  { return mTransform.getRotation();}
   const QMatrix4x4 & toMatrix();
 
   // Queries
   inline QVector3D forward() const
-  { return mTransform.rotation().rotatedVector(LocalForward);}
+  { return mTransform.getRotation().rotatedVector(LocalForward);}
   inline QVector3D right() const
-  { return mTransform.rotation().rotatedVector(LocalRight);}
+  { return mTransform.getRotation().rotatedVector(LocalRight);}
   inline QVector3D up() const
-  { return mTransform.rotation().rotatedVector(LocalUp);}
+  { return mTransform.getRotation().rotatedVector(LocalUp);}
 
 private:
   Transform3D mTransform;

src/mainwidget.cpp

@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ void MainWidget::initObjects()
   // The Object class only stores basic QOpenGL* members and shape data
   // + Within mainwidget, mObject serves as a basic QOpenGL example
   mObject = new Object("testObject");
-  mObject->setVertices(Cube(QTK_DRAW_ELEMENTS).vertices());
-  mObject->setIndices(Cube(QTK_DRAW_ELEMENTS).indices());
+  mObject->setVertices(Cube(QTK_DRAW_ELEMENTS).getVertices());
+  mObject->setIndices(Cube(QTK_DRAW_ELEMENTS).getIndexData());
   mObject->mProgram.create();
   mObject->mProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Vertex,
                                             ":/solid-ambient.vert");
@@ -79,13 +79,15 @@ void MainWidget::initObjects()
   mObject->mVBO.setUsagePattern(QOpenGLBuffer::StaticDraw);
   mObject->mVBO.bind();
 
-  mObject->mVBO.allocate(mObject->vertices().data(),
-                         mObject->vertices().size()
-                         * sizeof(mObject->vertices()[0]));
+  mObject->mVBO.allocate(
+      mObject->getVertices().data(),
+      mObject->getVertices().size() * sizeof(mObject->getVertices()[0])
+  );
 
   mObject->mProgram.enableAttributeArray(0);
-  mObject->mProgram.setAttributeBuffer(0, GL_FLOAT, 0,
-                                       3, sizeof(mObject->vertices()[0]));
+  mObject->mProgram.setAttributeBuffer(
+      0, GL_FLOAT, 0, 3, sizeof(mObject->getVertices()[0])
+  );
   mObject->mProgram.setUniformValue("uColor", QVector3D(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
   mObject->mProgram.setUniformValue("uLightColor", WHITE);
   mObject->mProgram.setUniformValue("uAmbientStrength", 0.75f);
@@ -116,8 +118,8 @@ void MainWidget::paintGL()
   mObject->mProgram.setUniformValue("uModel", mObject->mTransform.toMatrix());
   mObject->mProgram.setUniformValue("uView", Scene::Camera().toMatrix());
   mObject->mProgram.setUniformValue("uProjection", Scene::Projection());
-  glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, mObject->indices().size(),
-                 GL_UNSIGNED_INT, mObject->indices().data());
+  glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, mObject->getIndexData().size(),
+                 GL_UNSIGNED_INT, mObject->getIndexData().data());
   mObject->mVAO.release();
   mObject->mProgram.release();
 }

src/mainwidget.h

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class Model;
 class Object;
 class Scene;
 class Skybox;
-class Texture;
+class OpenGLTextureFactory;
 
 class MainWidget : public QOpenGLWidget,
                    protected QOpenGLFunctions {

src/mesh.h

@@ -86,11 +86,11 @@ struct ShapeBase {
       : mVertices(v), mColors(c), mIndices(i), mTexCoords(t), mNormals(n)
   {}
 
-  inline const Vertices & vertices() const { return mVertices;}
-  inline const Indices & indices() const { return mIndices;}
-  inline const Colors & colors() const { return mColors;}
-  inline const TexCoords & texCoords() const { return mTexCoords;}
-  inline const Normals & normals() const { return mNormals;}
+  inline const Vertices & getVertices() const { return mVertices;}
+  inline const Indices & getIndexData() const { return mIndices;}
+  inline const Colors & getColors() const { return mColors;}
+  inline const TexCoords & getTexCoords() const { return mTexCoords;}
+  inline const Normals & getNormals() const { return mNormals;}
 
 protected:
   DrawMode mDrawMode;

src/meshrenderer.cpp

@@ -29,9 +29,6 @@ MeshRenderer::MeshRenderer(const char * name, const ShapeBase & shape)
 
 MeshRenderer::~MeshRenderer()
 {
-  if (mHasTexture) {
-    mTexture->destroy();
-  }
   sInstances.remove(mName);
 }
 
@@ -68,9 +65,9 @@ void MeshRenderer::init()
 
   // Combine position and color data into one vector, allowing us to use one VBO
   Vertices combined;
-  combined.reserve(vertices().size() + colors().size());
-  combined.insert(combined.end(), vertices().begin(), vertices().end());
-  combined.insert(combined.end(), colors().begin(), colors().end());
+  combined.reserve(getVertices().size() + getColors().size());
+  combined.insert(combined.end(), getVertices().begin(), getVertices().end());
+  combined.insert(combined.end(), getColors().begin(), getColors().end());
 
   mVBO.allocate(combined.data(),
                 combined.size() * sizeof(combined[0]));
@@ -82,7 +79,7 @@ void MeshRenderer::init()
   // Enable color attribute, setting offset to total size of vertices()
   mProgram.enableAttributeArray(1);
   mProgram.setAttributeBuffer(1, GL_FLOAT,
-                              vertices().size() * sizeof(vertices()[0]),
+                              getVertices().size() * sizeof(getVertices()[0]),
                               3, sizeof(QVector3D));
 
   mVBO.release();
@@ -96,15 +93,15 @@ void MeshRenderer::draw()
   mProgram.bind();
   mVAO.bind();
 
-  if(mHasTexture) {
-    mTexture->bind();
+  if(mTexture.hasTexture()) {
+    mTexture.getOpenGLTexture().bind();
   }
 
   // TODO: Automate uniforms some other way
   setUniformMVP();
 
   if (mShape.mDrawMode == QTK_DRAW_ARRAYS) {
-    glDrawArrays(mDrawType, 0, vertices().size());
+    glDrawArrays(mDrawType, 0, getVertices().size());
   }
   else if (mShape.mDrawMode == QTK_DRAW_ELEMENTS
            || mShape.mDrawMode == QTK_DRAW_ELEMENTS_NORMALS) {
@@ -112,8 +109,8 @@ void MeshRenderer::draw()
                    GL_UNSIGNED_INT, mShape.mIndices.data());
   }
 
-  if(mHasTexture) {
-    mTexture->release();
+  if(mTexture.hasTexture()) {
+    mTexture.getOpenGLTexture().release();
   }
 
   mVAO.release();
@@ -137,29 +134,17 @@ void MeshRenderer::setUniformMVP(const char * model, const char * view,
 void MeshRenderer::setColor(const QVector3D & color)
 {
   if (mShape.mColors.empty()) {
-    for (const auto & vertex : mShape.vertices()) {
+    for (const auto & vertex : mShape.getVertices()) {
       mShape.mColors.push_back(color);
     }
   }
   else {
-    for (int i = 0; i < mShape.colors().size(); i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < mShape.getColors().size(); i++) {
       mShape.mColors[i] = color;
     }
   }
 }
 
-void MeshRenderer::setTexture(const char * path)
-{
-  mTexture = new QOpenGLTexture(*Texture::initImage(path));
-  mHasTexture = true;
-}
-
-void MeshRenderer::setTexture(QOpenGLTexture * texture)
-{
-  mTexture = texture;
-  mHasTexture = true;
-}
-
 
 /*******************************************************************************
  * Inherited Virtual Member Functions

src/meshrenderer.h

@@ -11,15 +11,17 @@
 #include <mesh.h>
 #include <object.h>
 
+#include <utility>
+
 
 class MeshRenderer : public Object {
 public:
   // Delegate constructors
   MeshRenderer(const char * name, Vertices vertices, Indices indices,
                DrawMode mode=QTK_DRAW_ARRAYS)
-      : MeshRenderer(name, ShapeBase(mode, vertices, indices))
+      : MeshRenderer(name, ShapeBase(mode, std::move(vertices), std::move(indices)))
   {}
-  MeshRenderer(const char * name)
+  explicit MeshRenderer(const char * name)
       : MeshRenderer(name, Cube(QTK_DRAW_ELEMENTS))
   {}
   // Constructor
@@ -53,11 +55,6 @@ public:
   void setUniformMVP(const char * model="uModel", const char * view="uView",
                      const char * projection="uProjection");
 
-  // Sets the texture to the image at the given path
-  // + Sets mHasTexture to enable texture binding in draw()
-  void setTexture(const char * path);
-  void setTexture(QOpenGLTexture * texture);
-
   // These functions modify data stored in a VBO
   // + After calling them, the VBO will need to be reallocated
   void setShape(const Shape & value) override;

src/model.cpp

@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ void Model::flipTexture(const std::string & fileName, bool flipX, bool flipY)
       texture.mTexture->destroy();
       texture.mTexture->create();
       texture.mTexture->setData(
-          *Texture::initImage(fullPath.c_str(), flipX, flipY));
+          *OpenGLTextureFactory::initImage(fullPath.c_str(), flipX, flipY));
       modified = true;
     }
   }
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ ModelMesh::Textures Model::loadMaterialTextures(
     // If the texture has not yet been loaded
     if (!skip) {
       ModelTexture texture;
-      texture.mTexture = Texture::initTexture2D(
+      texture.mTexture = OpenGLTextureFactory::initTexture2D(
           std::string(mDirectory + '/' + fileName.C_Str()).c_str(),
           false, false);
       texture.mID = texture.mTexture->textureId();
@@ -390,11 +390,12 @@ ModelMesh::Textures Model::loadMaterialTextures(
 void Model::sortModels()
 {
   auto cameraPos = Scene::Camera().transform();
-  auto cameraDistance = [&cameraPos](const ModelMesh &a, const ModelMesh &b)
+  auto cameraDistance =
+      [&cameraPos](const ModelMesh &a, const ModelMesh &b)
       {
-    // Sort by the first vertex position, since all transforms will be the same
-    return (cameraPos.translation().distanceToPoint(a.mVertices[0].mPosition))
-           < (cameraPos.translation().distanceToPoint(b.mVertices[0].mPosition));
+        // Sort by the first vertex position in the model
+        return (cameraPos.getTranslation().distanceToPoint(a.mVertices[0].mPosition))
+               < (cameraPos.getTranslation().distanceToPoint(b.mVertices[0].mPosition));
       };
   std::sort(mMeshes.begin(), mMeshes.end(), cameraDistance);
 }

src/model.h

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 
 // QTK
 #include <transform3D.h>
+#include <object.h>
 
 
 struct ModelVertex {

src/object.h

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include <QOpenGLVertexArrayObject>
 
 #include <mesh.h>
+#include <texture.h>
 
 
 class Object : public QObject {
@@ -32,19 +33,23 @@ public:
 
   ~Object() {}
 
-  inline const Vertices & vertices() { return mShape.mVertices;}
-  inline const Indices & indices() { return mShape.mIndices;}
-  inline const Colors & colors() { return mShape.mColors;}
-  inline const TexCoords & texCoords() { return mShape.mTexCoords;}
-  inline const Normals & normals() { return mShape.mNormals;}
-  inline QOpenGLTexture & texture() const { return *mTexture;}
+  inline const Colors & getColors() { return mShape.mColors;}
+  inline const Indices & getIndexData() { return mShape.mIndices;}
+  inline const Normals & getNormals() { return mShape.mNormals;}
+  inline const Shape & getShape() { return mShape;}
+  inline const TexCoords & getTexCoords() { return mShape.mTexCoords;}
+  inline Texture & getTexture() { return mTexture;}
+  inline const Vertices & getVertices() { return mShape.mVertices;}
 
-  virtual inline void setVertices(const Vertices & value) { mShape.mVertices = value;}
-  virtual inline void setIndices(const Indices & value) { mShape.mIndices = value;}
   virtual inline void setColors(const Colors & value) { mShape.mColors = value;}
-  virtual inline void setTexCoords(const TexCoords & value) { mShape.mTexCoords = value;}
+  virtual inline void setIndices(const Indices & value) { mShape.mIndices = value;}
   virtual inline void setNormals(const Normals & value) { mShape.mNormals = value;}
   virtual inline void setShape(const Shape & value) { mShape = value;}
+  virtual inline void setTexCoords(const TexCoords & value) { mShape.mTexCoords = value;}
+  virtual inline void setTexture(const char * path, bool flipX=false, bool flipY=false)
+  { mTexture.setTexture(OpenGLTextureFactory::initTexture2D(path, flipX, flipY));}
+  virtual inline void setTexture(QOpenGLTexture * value) { mTexture.setTexture(value);}
+  virtual inline void setVertices(const Vertices & value) { mShape.mVertices = value;}
 
   QOpenGLBuffer mVBO, mNBO;
   QOpenGLVertexArrayObject mVAO;
@@ -52,10 +57,9 @@ public:
 
   Transform3D mTransform;
   Shape mShape;
+  Texture mTexture;
 
   const char * mName;
-private:
-  QOpenGLTexture * mTexture;
 };
 
 #endif // QTK_OBJECT_H

src/scene.cpp

@@ -63,12 +63,11 @@ void Scene::init()
   mTestPhong->mNBO.create();
   mTestPhong->mNBO.setUsagePattern(QOpenGLBuffer::StaticDraw);
   mTestPhong->mNBO.bind();
-  mTestPhong->mNBO.allocate(mTestPhong->normals().data(),
-                            mTestPhong->normals().size()
-                            * sizeof(mTestPhong->normals()[0]));
+  mTestPhong->mNBO.allocate(mTestPhong->getNormals().data(),
+                            mTestPhong->getNormals().size()
+                            * sizeof(mTestPhong->getNormals()[0]));
   mTestPhong->mProgram.enableAttributeArray(1);
-  mTestPhong->mProgram.setAttributeBuffer(1, GL_FLOAT, 0,
-                                          3, sizeof(QVector3D));
+  mTestPhong->mProgram.setAttributeBuffer(1, GL_FLOAT, 0, 3, sizeof(QVector3D));
   mTestPhong->mNBO.release();
   mTestPhong->mVAO.release();
   mTestPhong->mProgram.release();
@@ -88,9 +87,9 @@ void Scene::init()
   mTestAmbient->mNBO.create();
   mTestAmbient->mNBO.setUsagePattern(QOpenGLBuffer::StaticDraw);
   mTestAmbient->mNBO.bind();
-  mTestAmbient->mNBO.allocate(mTestAmbient->normals().data(),
-                              mTestAmbient->normals().size()
-                              * sizeof(mTestAmbient->normals()[0]));
+  mTestAmbient->mNBO.allocate(mTestAmbient->getNormals().data(),
+                              mTestAmbient->getNormals().size()
+                              * sizeof(mTestAmbient->getNormals()[0]));
   mTestAmbient->mProgram.enableAttributeArray(1);
   mTestAmbient->mProgram.setAttributeBuffer(1, GL_FLOAT, 0,
                                             3, sizeof(QVector3D));
@@ -112,9 +111,9 @@ void Scene::init()
   mTestDiffuse->mNBO.create();
   mTestDiffuse->mNBO.setUsagePattern(QOpenGLBuffer::StaticDraw);
   mTestDiffuse->mNBO.bind();
-  mTestDiffuse->mNBO.allocate(mTestDiffuse->normals().data(),
-                              mTestDiffuse->normals().size()
-                              * sizeof(mTestDiffuse->normals()[0]));
+  mTestDiffuse->mNBO.allocate(mTestDiffuse->getNormals().data(),
+                              mTestDiffuse->getNormals().size()
+                              * sizeof(mTestDiffuse->getNormals()[0]));
   mTestDiffuse->mProgram.enableAttributeArray(1);
   mTestDiffuse->mProgram.setAttributeBuffer(1, GL_FLOAT, 0,
                                             3, sizeof(QVector3D));
@@ -138,9 +137,9 @@ void Scene::init()
   mTestSpecular->mNBO.create();
   mTestSpecular->mNBO.setUsagePattern(QOpenGLBuffer::StaticDraw);
   mTestSpecular->mNBO.bind();
-  mTestSpecular->mNBO.allocate(mTestSpecular->normals().data(),
-                               mTestSpecular->normals().size()
-                               * sizeof(mTestSpecular->normals()[0]));
+  mTestSpecular->mNBO.allocate(mTestSpecular->getNormals().data(),
+                               mTestSpecular->getNormals().size()
+                               * sizeof(mTestSpecular->getNormals()[0]));
   mTestSpecular->mProgram.enableAttributeArray(1);
   mTestSpecular->mProgram.setAttributeBuffer(1, GL_FLOAT, 0,
                                              3, sizeof(QVector3D));
@@ -157,36 +156,29 @@ void Scene::init()
   mModels.back()->flipTexture("diffuse.jpg", false, true);
   mModels.back()->mTransform.setTranslation(0.0f, 0.0f, -10.0f);
 
-  mModels.push_back(
-      new Model("bird",
-                "../resources/models/bird/bird.obj"));
+  mModels.push_back(new Model("bird", "../resources/models/bird/bird.obj"));
   mModels.back()->mTransform.setTranslation(2.0f, 2.0f, -10.0f);
   // Sometimes the models are very large
   mModels.back()->mTransform.scale(0.0025f);
   mModels.back()->mTransform.rotate(-110.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
 
-  mModels.push_back(new Model("lion",
-                              "../resources/models/lion/lion.obj"));
+  mModels.push_back(new Model("lion", "../resources/models/lion/lion.obj"));
   mModels.back()->mTransform.setTranslation(-3.0f, -1.0f, -10.0f);
   mModels.back()->mTransform.scale(0.15f);
 
   mModels.push_back(
-      new Model("alien",
-                "../resources/models/alien-hominid/alien.obj"));
+      new Model("alien", "../resources/models/alien-hominid/alien.obj"));
   mModels.back()->mTransform.setTranslation(2.0f, -1.0f, -5.0f);
   mModels.back()->mTransform.scale(0.15f);
 
-  mModels.push_back(
-      new Model("scythe",
-                "../resources/models/scythe/scythe.obj")
-  );
+  mModels.push_back( new Model("scythe",
+                "../resources/models/scythe/scythe.obj"));
   mModels.back()->mTransform.setTranslation(-6.0f, 0.0f, -10.0f);
   mModels.back()->mTransform.rotate(-90.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
   mModels.back()->mTransform.rotate(90.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
 
   mModels.push_back(
-      new Model("masterChief",
-                "../resources/models/spartan/spartan.obj"));
+      new Model("masterChief", "../resources/models/spartan/spartan.obj"));
   mModels.back()->mTransform.setTranslation(-1.5f, 0.5f, -2.0f);
 
 
@@ -204,8 +196,7 @@ void Scene::init()
   mMeshes.back()->init();
 
   mModels.push_back(
-      new Model("alienTest",
-                "../resources/models/alien-hominid/alien.obj",
+      new Model("alienTest", "../resources/models/alien-hominid/alien.obj",
                 ":/model-specular.vert", ":/model-specular.frag"));
   mModels.back()->mTransform.setTranslation(3.0f, -1.0f, 10.0f);
   mModels.back()->mTransform.scale(0.15f);
@@ -232,8 +223,7 @@ void Scene::init()
   mMeshes.back()->init();
 
   mModels.push_back(
-      new Model("spartanTest",
-                "../resources/models/spartan/spartan.obj",
+      new Model("spartanTest", "../resources/models/spartan/spartan.obj",
                 ":/model-normals.vert", ":/model-normals.frag"));
   mModels.back()->mTransform.setTranslation(0.0f, -1.0f, 10.0f);
   mModels.back()->mTransform.scale(2.0f);
@@ -250,8 +240,7 @@ void Scene::init()
 
 
   // Test basic cube with phong.vert and phong.frag shaders
-  mMeshes.push_back(
-      new MeshRenderer("testLight", Triangle(QTK_DRAW_ELEMENTS)));
+  mMeshes.push_back(new MeshRenderer("testLight", Triangle(QTK_DRAW_ELEMENTS)));
   mMeshes.back()->mTransform.setTranslation(5.0f, 1.25f, 10.0f);
   mMeshes.back()->mTransform.scale(0.25f);
   mMeshes.back()->setDrawType(GL_LINE_LOOP);
@@ -259,8 +248,7 @@ void Scene::init()
   mMeshes.back()->setColor(GREEN);
   mMeshes.back()->init();
 
-  mMeshes.push_back(
-      new MeshRenderer("testPhong", Cube(QTK_DRAW_ARRAYS)));
+  mMeshes.push_back(new MeshRenderer("testPhong", Cube(QTK_DRAW_ARRAYS)));
   mMeshes.back()->mTransform.setTranslation(5.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f);
   mMeshes.back()->setShaders(":/phong.vert", ":/phong.frag");
   mMeshes.back()->setColor(QVector3D(0.0f, 0.25f, 0.0f));
@@ -271,9 +259,9 @@ void Scene::init()
   mMeshes.back()->mNBO.create();
   mMeshes.back()->mNBO.bind();
 
-  mMeshes.back()->mNBO.allocate(mMeshes.back()->normals().data(),
-                                mMeshes.back()->normals().size()
-                                * sizeof(mMeshes.back()->normals()[0]));
+  mMeshes.back()->mNBO.allocate(mMeshes.back()->getNormals().data(),
+                                mMeshes.back()->getNormals().size()
+                                * sizeof(mMeshes.back()->getNormals()[0]));
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.enableAttributeArray(1);
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.setAttributeBuffer(1, GL_FLOAT, 0,
                                               3, sizeof(QVector3D));
@@ -303,8 +291,7 @@ void Scene::init()
       new MeshRenderer("rightTriangle", Triangle(QTK_DRAW_ELEMENTS)));
   mMeshes.back()->mTransform.setTranslation(-5.0f, 0.0f, -2.0f);
 
-  mMeshes.push_back(
-      new MeshRenderer("centerCube", Cube(QTK_DRAW_ELEMENTS)));
+  mMeshes.push_back(new MeshRenderer("centerCube", Cube(QTK_DRAW_ELEMENTS)));
   mMeshes.back()->mTransform.setTranslation(-7.0f, 0.0f, -2.0f);
 
   mMeshes.push_back(
@@ -340,9 +327,9 @@ void Scene::init()
   mMeshes.back()->mNBO.bind();
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.bind();
 
-  mMeshes.back()->mNBO.allocate(mMeshes.back()->normals().data(),
-                                mMeshes.back()->normals().size()
-                                * sizeof(mMeshes.back()->normals()[0]));
+  mMeshes.back()->mNBO.allocate(mMeshes.back()->getNormals().data(),
+                                mMeshes.back()->getNormals().size()
+                                * sizeof(mMeshes.back()->getNormals()[0]));
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.enableAttributeArray(1);
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.setAttributeBuffer(1, GL_FLOAT, 0,
                                               3, sizeof(QVector3D));
@@ -353,7 +340,8 @@ void Scene::init()
 
   // RGB Normals cube to show normals are correct with QTK_DRAW_ELEMENTS_NORMALS
   mMeshes.push_back(
-      new MeshRenderer("rgbNormalsCubeElementsTest", Cube(QTK_DRAW_ELEMENTS_NORMALS)));
+      new MeshRenderer("rgbNormalsCubeElementsTest",
+                       Cube(QTK_DRAW_ELEMENTS_NORMALS)));
   mMeshes.back()->mTransform.setTranslation(5.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f);
   mMeshes.back()->setShaders(":/rgb-normals.vert", ":/rgb-normals.frag");
   mMeshes.back()->init();
@@ -362,9 +350,9 @@ void Scene::init()
   mMeshes.back()->mNBO.bind();
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.bind();
 
-  mMeshes.back()->mNBO.allocate(mMeshes.back()->normals().data(),
-                                mMeshes.back()->normals().size()
-                                * sizeof(mMeshes.back()->normals()[0]));
+  mMeshes.back()->mNBO.allocate(mMeshes.back()->getNormals().data(),
+                                mMeshes.back()->getNormals().size()
+                                * sizeof(mMeshes.back()->getNormals()[0]));
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.enableAttributeArray(1);
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.setAttributeBuffer(1, GL_FLOAT, 0,
                                               3, sizeof(QVector3D));
@@ -384,19 +372,16 @@ void Scene::init()
   mMeshes.back()->init();
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.bind();
 
-  mMeshes.back()->setTexture(Texture::initTexture2D(":/crate.png"));
+  mMeshes.back()->setTexture(OpenGLTextureFactory::initTexture2D(":/crate.png"));
   mMeshes.back()->setUniform("uTexture", 0);
-  mMeshes.back()->texture().bind();
-
-  mMeshes.back()->texture().release();
 
   mMeshes.back()->mVAO.bind();
   mMeshes.back()->mNBO.destroy();
   mMeshes.back()->mNBO.create();
   mMeshes.back()->mNBO.bind();
-  mMeshes.back()->mNBO.allocate(mMeshes.back()->mShape.texCoords().data(),
-                                mMeshes.back()->mShape.texCoords().size()
-                                * sizeof(mMeshes.back()->mShape.texCoords()[0]));
+  mMeshes.back()->mNBO.allocate(mMeshes.back()->mShape.getTexCoords().data(),
+                                mMeshes.back()->mShape.getTexCoords().size()
+                                * sizeof(mMeshes.back()->mShape.getTexCoords()[0]));
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.enableAttributeArray(1);
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.setAttributeBuffer(1, GL_FLOAT, 0,
                                               2, sizeof(QVector2D));
@@ -415,13 +400,13 @@ void Scene::init()
   mMeshes.back()->mNBO.bind();
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.bind();
 
-  mMeshes.back()->mNBO.allocate(mMeshes.back()->texCoords().data(),
-                                mMeshes.back()->texCoords().size()
-                                * sizeof(mMeshes.back()->texCoords()[0]));
+  mMeshes.back()->mNBO.allocate(mMeshes.back()->getTexCoords().data(),
+                                mMeshes.back()->getTexCoords().size()
+                                * sizeof(mMeshes.back()->getTexCoords()[0]));
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.enableAttributeArray(1);
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.setAttributeBuffer(1, GL_FLOAT, 0,
                                               3, sizeof(QVector3D));
-  mMeshes.back()->setTexture(Texture::initTexture2D(":/crate.png"));
+  mMeshes.back()->setTexture(OpenGLTextureFactory::initTexture2D(":/crate.png"));
 
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.setUniformValue("uTexture", 0);
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.release();
@@ -439,16 +424,16 @@ void Scene::init()
   mMeshes.back()->init();
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.bind();
 
-  mMeshes.back()->setTexture(Texture::initCubeMap(":/crate.png"));
+  mMeshes.back()->setTexture(OpenGLTextureFactory::initCubeMap(":/crate.png"));
   mMeshes.back()->setUniform("uTexture", 0);
 
   mMeshes.back()->mVAO.bind();
   mMeshes.back()->mNBO.destroy();
   mMeshes.back()->mNBO.create();
   mMeshes.back()->mNBO.bind();
-  mMeshes.back()->mNBO.allocate(mMeshes.back()->mShape.texCoords().data(),
-                                mMeshes.back()->mShape.texCoords().size()
-                                * sizeof(mMeshes.back()->mShape.texCoords()[0]));
+  mMeshes.back()->mNBO.allocate(mMeshes.back()->mShape.getTexCoords().data(),
+                                mMeshes.back()->mShape.getTexCoords().size()
+                                * sizeof(mMeshes.back()->mShape.getTexCoords()[0]));
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.enableAttributeArray(1);
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.setAttributeBuffer(1, GL_FLOAT, 0,
                                               2, sizeof(QVector2D));
@@ -458,8 +443,7 @@ void Scene::init()
 
   // Create a cube with custom shaders
   // + Apply RGB normals shader and spin the cube for a neat effect
-  mMeshes.push_back(
-      new MeshRenderer("rgbNormalsCube", Cube(QTK_DRAW_ARRAYS)));
+  mMeshes.push_back(new MeshRenderer("rgbNormalsCube", Cube(QTK_DRAW_ARRAYS)));
   mMeshes.back()->mTransform.setTranslation(5.0f, 2.0f, -2.0f);
   mMeshes.back()->setShaders(":/rgb-normals.vert", ":/rgb-normals.frag");
   mMeshes.back()->init();
@@ -468,9 +452,9 @@ void Scene::init()
   mMeshes.back()->mNBO.bind();
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.bind();
 
-  mMeshes.back()->mNBO.allocate(mMeshes.back()->normals().data(),
-                                mMeshes.back()->normals().size()
-                                * sizeof(mMeshes.back()->normals()[0]));
+  mMeshes.back()->mNBO.allocate(mMeshes.back()->getNormals().data(),
+                                mMeshes.back()->getNormals().size()
+                                * sizeof(mMeshes.back()->getNormals()[0]));
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.enableAttributeArray(1);
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.setAttributeBuffer(1, GL_FLOAT, 0,
                                               3, sizeof(QVector3D));
@@ -490,9 +474,9 @@ void Scene::init()
   mMeshes.back()->mVAO.bind();
   mMeshes.back()->mNBO.create();
   mMeshes.back()->mNBO.bind();
-  mMeshes.back()->mNBO.allocate(mMeshes.back()->normals().data(),
-                                mMeshes.back()->normals().size()
-                                * sizeof(mMeshes.back()->normals()[0]));
+  mMeshes.back()->mNBO.allocate(mMeshes.back()->getNormals().data(),
+                                mMeshes.back()->getNormals().size()
+                                * sizeof(mMeshes.back()->getNormals()[0]));
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.enableAttributeArray(1);
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.setAttributeBuffer(1, GL_FLOAT, 0,
                                               3, sizeof(QVector3D));
@@ -512,9 +496,9 @@ void Scene::init()
   mMeshes.back()->mVAO.bind();
   mMeshes.back()->mNBO.create();
   mMeshes.back()->mNBO.bind();
-  mMeshes.back()->mNBO.allocate(mMeshes.back()->normals().data(),
-                                mMeshes.back()->normals().size()
-                                * sizeof(mMeshes.back()->normals()[0]));
+  mMeshes.back()->mNBO.allocate(mMeshes.back()->getNormals().data(),
+                                mMeshes.back()->getNormals().size()
+                                * sizeof(mMeshes.back()->getNormals()[0]));
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.enableAttributeArray(1);
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.setAttributeBuffer(1, GL_FLOAT, 0,
                                               3, sizeof(QVector3D));
@@ -530,19 +514,16 @@ void Scene::init()
   mMeshes.back()->init();
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.bind();
 
-  mMeshes.back()->setTexture(Texture::initTexture2D(":/crate.png"));
+  mMeshes.back()->setTexture(":/crate.png");
   mMeshes.back()->setUniform("uTexture", 0);
-  mMeshes.back()->texture().bind();
-
-  mMeshes.back()->texture().release();
 
   mMeshes.back()->mVAO.bind();
   mMeshes.back()->mNBO.destroy();
   mMeshes.back()->mNBO.create();
   mMeshes.back()->mNBO.bind();
-  mMeshes.back()->mNBO.allocate(mMeshes.back()->mShape.texCoords().data(),
-                                mMeshes.back()->mShape.texCoords().size()
-                                * sizeof(mMeshes.back()->mShape.texCoords()[0]));
+  mMeshes.back()->mNBO.allocate(mMeshes.back()->mShape.getTexCoords().data(),
+                                mMeshes.back()->mShape.getTexCoords().size()
+                                * sizeof(mMeshes.back()->mShape.getTexCoords()[0]));
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.enableAttributeArray(1);
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.setAttributeBuffer(1, GL_FLOAT, 0,
                                               2, sizeof(QVector2D));
@@ -559,19 +540,17 @@ void Scene::init()
   mMeshes.back()->init();
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.bind();
 
-  mMeshes.back()->setTexture(Texture::initTexture2D(":/crate.png"));
+//  mMeshes.back()->setTexture(OpenGLTextureFactory::initTexture2D(":/crate.png"));
+  mMeshes.back()->mTexture.setTexture(":/crate.png");
   mMeshes.back()->setUniform("uTexture", 0);
-  mMeshes.back()->texture().bind();
-
-  mMeshes.back()->texture().release();
 
   mMeshes.back()->mVAO.bind();
   mMeshes.back()->mNBO.destroy();
   mMeshes.back()->mNBO.create();
   mMeshes.back()->mNBO.bind();
-  mMeshes.back()->mNBO.allocate(mMeshes.back()->mShape.texCoords().data(),
-                                mMeshes.back()->mShape.texCoords().size()
-                                * sizeof(mMeshes.back()->mShape.texCoords()[0]));
+  mMeshes.back()->mNBO.allocate(mMeshes.back()->mShape.getTexCoords().data(),
+                                mMeshes.back()->mShape.getTexCoords().size()
+                                * sizeof(mMeshes.back()->mShape.getTexCoords()[0]));
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.enableAttributeArray(1);
   mMeshes.back()->mProgram.setAttributeBuffer(1, GL_FLOAT, 0,
                                               2, sizeof(QVector2D));
@@ -614,7 +593,7 @@ void Scene::draw()
 {
   mSkybox.draw();
 
-  for (auto & model : mModels) model->draw();
+  for (const auto & model : mModels) model->draw();
 
   for (const auto & mesh : mMeshes) mesh->draw();
 
@@ -623,15 +602,15 @@ void Scene::draw()
                          mTestPhong->mTransform.toMatrix().normalMatrix());
   mTestPhong->setUniform(
       "uLightPosition",
-      MeshRenderer::getInstance("phongLight")->mTransform.translation());
+      MeshRenderer::getInstance("phongLight")->mTransform.getTranslation());
   mTestPhong->setUniform("uCameraPosition",
-                         Scene::Camera().transform().translation());
+                         Scene::Camera().transform().getTranslation());
   mTestPhong->mProgram.release();
   mTestPhong->draw();
 
   mTestAmbient->mProgram.bind();
   mTestAmbient->setUniform("uCameraPosition",
-                           Scene::Camera().transform().translation());
+                           Scene::Camera().transform().getTranslation());
   mTestAmbient->mProgram.release();
   mTestAmbient->draw();
 
@@ -640,8 +619,9 @@ void Scene::draw()
                            mTestDiffuse->mTransform.toMatrix().normalMatrix());
   mTestDiffuse->setUniform(
       "uLightPosition",
-      MeshRenderer::getInstance("diffuseLight")->mTransform.translation());
-  mTestDiffuse->setUniform("uCameraPosition", Scene::Camera().transform().translation());
+      MeshRenderer::getInstance("diffuseLight")->mTransform.getTranslation());
+  mTestDiffuse->setUniform("uCameraPosition",
+                           Scene::Camera().transform().getTranslation());
   mTestDiffuse->mProgram.release();
   mTestDiffuse->draw();
 
@@ -651,19 +631,21 @@ void Scene::draw()
       mTestSpecular->mTransform.toMatrix().normalMatrix());
   mTestSpecular->setUniform(
       "uLightPosition",
-      MeshRenderer::getInstance("specularLight")->mTransform.translation());
-  mTestSpecular->setUniform("uCameraPosition", Scene::Camera().transform().translation());
+      MeshRenderer::getInstance("specularLight")->mTransform.getTranslation());
+  mTestSpecular->setUniform("uCameraPosition",
+                            Scene::Camera().transform().getTranslation());
   mTestSpecular->mProgram.release();
   mTestSpecular->draw();
 }
 
 void Scene::update()
 {
-  auto position = MeshRenderer::getInstance("alienTestLight")->mTransform.translation();
+  auto position = MeshRenderer::getInstance(
+      "alienTestLight")->mTransform.getTranslation();
   Model::getInstance("alienTest")->setUniform(
       "uLight.position", position);
   Model::getInstance("alienTest")->setUniform(
-      "uCameraPosition", Scene::Camera().transform().translation());
+      "uCameraPosition", Scene::Camera().transform().getTranslation());
   auto posMatrix = Model::getInstance("alienTest")->mTransform.toMatrix();
   Model::getInstance("alienTest")->setUniform(
       "uMVP.normalMatrix", posMatrix.normalMatrix());
@@ -675,11 +657,12 @@ void Scene::update()
       "uMVP.projection", Scene::Projection());
   Model::getInstance("alienTest")->mTransform.rotate(0.75f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
 
-  position = MeshRenderer::getInstance("spartanTestLight")->mTransform.translation();
+  position = MeshRenderer::getInstance(
+      "spartanTestLight")->mTransform.getTranslation();
   Model::getInstance("spartanTest")->setUniform(
       "uLight.position", position);
   Model::getInstance("spartanTest")->setUniform(
-      "uCameraPosition", Scene::Camera().transform().translation());
+      "uCameraPosition", Scene::Camera().transform().getTranslation());
   posMatrix = Model::getInstance("spartanTest")->mTransform.toMatrix();
   Model::getInstance("spartanTest")->setUniform(
       "uMVP.normalMatrix", posMatrix.normalMatrix());
@@ -696,11 +679,11 @@ void Scene::update()
   MeshRenderer::getInstance("testPhong")->mTransform.rotate(
       0.75f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f);
   MeshRenderer::getInstance("testPhong")->mProgram.bind();
-  position = MeshRenderer::getInstance("testLight")->mTransform.translation();
+  position = MeshRenderer::getInstance("testLight")->mTransform.getTranslation();
   MeshRenderer::getInstance("testPhong")->setUniform(
       "uLight.position", position);
   MeshRenderer::getInstance("testPhong")->setUniform(
-      "uCameraPosition", Scene::Camera().transform().translation());
+      "uCameraPosition", Scene::Camera().transform().getTranslation());
   posMatrix = MeshRenderer::getInstance("testPhong")->mTransform.toMatrix();
   MeshRenderer::getInstance("testPhong")->setUniform(
       "uMVP.normalMatrix", posMatrix.normalMatrix());
@@ -736,7 +719,7 @@ void Scene::update()
   static float translateX = 0.025f;
   float limit = -9.0f; // Origin position.x - 2.0f
   float posX =
-      MeshRenderer::getInstance("topTriangle")->mTransform.translation().x();
+      MeshRenderer::getInstance("topTriangle")->mTransform.getTranslation().x();
   if (posX < limit || posX > limit + 4.0f) {
     translateX = -translateX;
   }

src/skybox.cpp

@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@
 Skybox::Skybox(std::string right, std::string top, std::string front,
                std::string left, std::string bottom, std::string back,
                const std::string & name)
-    : mCubeMap(Texture::initCubeMap(
+    : mCubeMap(OpenGLTextureFactory::initCubeMap(
     QImage(right.c_str()).mirrored(), QImage(top.c_str()),
     QImage(front.c_str()), QImage(left.c_str()),
     QImage(bottom.c_str()), QImage(back.c_str()))),
       mVBO(QOpenGLBuffer::VertexBuffer),
-      mVertices(Cube(QTK_DRAW_ELEMENTS).vertices()),
-      mIndices(Cube(QTK_DRAW_ELEMENTS).indices())
+      mVertices(Cube(QTK_DRAW_ELEMENTS).getVertices()),
+      mIndices(Cube(QTK_DRAW_ELEMENTS).getIndexData())
 { init();}
 
 Skybox::Skybox(std::string name)

src/texture.cpp

@@ -11,8 +11,7 @@
 
 #include <texture.h>
 
-
-QImage * Texture::initImage(const char * image, bool flipX, bool flipY)
+QImage * OpenGLTextureFactory::initImage(const char * image, bool flipX, bool flipY)
 {
   // Qt6 limits loaded images to 256MB by default
   QImageReader::setAllocationLimit(512);
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ QImage * Texture::initImage(const char * image, bool flipX, bool flipY)
   return loadedImage;
 }
 
-QOpenGLTexture * Texture::initTexture2D(const char * texture,
+QOpenGLTexture * OpenGLTextureFactory::initTexture2D(const char * texture,
                                                      bool flipX, bool flipY)
 {
   QImage * image = initImage(texture, flipX, flipY);
@@ -39,14 +38,14 @@ QOpenGLTexture * Texture::initTexture2D(const char * texture,
   return newTexture;
 }
 
-QOpenGLTexture * Texture::initCubeMap(const char * tile)
+QOpenGLTexture * OpenGLTextureFactory::initCubeMap(const char * tile)
 {
   return initCubeMap(QImage(tile), QImage(tile),
                      QImage(tile), QImage(tile),
                      QImage(tile), QImage(tile));
 }
 
-QOpenGLTexture * Texture::initCubeMap(
+QOpenGLTexture * OpenGLTextureFactory::initCubeMap(
     const char * right, const char * top,
     const char * front, const char * left,
     const char * bottom, const char * back)
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ QOpenGLTexture * Texture::initCubeMap(
                      QImage(bottom), QImage(back));
 }
 
-QOpenGLTexture * Texture::initCubeMap(
+QOpenGLTexture * OpenGLTextureFactory::initCubeMap(
     QImage right, QImage top,
     QImage front, QImage left,
     QImage bottom, QImage back)

src/texture.h

@@ -11,10 +11,9 @@
 
 #include <QOpenGLTexture>
 
-
-class Texture {
+class OpenGLTextureFactory {
 public:
-  ~Texture() {}
+  ~OpenGLTextureFactory() = default;
 
   // QImage
   static QImage * initImage(const char * image,
@@ -36,7 +35,34 @@ public:
 
 private:
   // Private ctor to prevent creating instances of this class
-  Texture() {}
+  OpenGLTextureFactory() = default;
 };
 
+class Texture {
+public:
+  Texture() = default;
+  Texture(const Texture & value) = delete;
+//  Texture(const Texture & value) {
+//    mOpenGLTexture = OpenGLTextureFactory::initTexture2D(value.mPath);
+//    mPath = value.mPath;
+//  }
+  explicit Texture(const char * path, bool flipX=false, bool flipY=false) :
+    mOpenGLTexture(OpenGLTextureFactory::initTexture2D(path, flipX, flipY)),
+    mPath(path) { }
+//  explicit Texture(QOpenGLTexture * texture) : mOpenGLTexture(texture) { }
+  ~Texture() { mOpenGLTexture->destroy();}
+
+  inline QOpenGLTexture & getOpenGLTexture() { return *mOpenGLTexture;}
+
+  void setTexture(const char * path, bool flipX=false, bool flipY=false)
+  { mOpenGLTexture = OpenGLTextureFactory::initTexture2D(path, flipX, flipY);}
+  inline void setTexture(QOpenGLTexture * texture) { mOpenGLTexture = texture;}
+
+  inline bool hasTexture() const { return mOpenGLTexture != Q_NULLPTR;}
+
+  QOpenGLTexture * mOpenGLTexture = Q_NULLPTR;
+  const char * mPath;
+};
+
+
 #endif // QTOPENGL_TEXTURE_H

src/transform3D.cpp

@@ -90,17 +90,17 @@ const QMatrix4x4 & Transform3D::toMatrix()
  * Queries
  ******************************************************************************/
 
-QVector3D Transform3D::forward() const
+QVector3D Transform3D::getForward() const
 {
   return mRotation.rotatedVector(LocalForward);
 }
 
-QVector3D Transform3D::up() const
+QVector3D Transform3D::getUp() const
 {
   return mRotation.rotatedVector(LocalUp);
 }
 
-QVector3D Transform3D::right() const
+QVector3D Transform3D::getRight() const
 {
   return mRotation.rotatedVector(LocalRight);
 }
@@ -113,16 +113,16 @@ QVector3D Transform3D::right() const
 QDebug operator<<(QDebug dbg, const Transform3D & transform)
 {
   dbg << "Transform3D\n{\n";
-  dbg << "Position: <" << transform.translation().x() << ", "
-      << transform.translation().y() << ", "
-      << transform.translation().z() << ">\n";
-  dbg << "Scale: <" << transform.scale().x() << ", "
-      << transform.scale().y() << ", "
-      << transform.scale().z() << ">\n";
-  dbg << "Rotation: <" << transform.rotation().x() << ", "
-      << transform.rotation().y() << ", "
-      << transform.rotation().z() << " | " <<
-      transform.rotation().scalar() << ">\n}";
+  dbg << "Position: <" << transform.getTranslation().x() << ", "
+      << transform.getTranslation().y() << ", "
+      << transform.getTranslation().z() << ">\n";
+  dbg << "Scale: <" << transform.getScale().x() << ", "
+      << transform.getScale().y() << ", "
+      << transform.getScale().z() << ">\n";
+  dbg << "Rotation: <" << transform.getRotation().x() << ", "
+      << transform.getRotation().y() << ", "
+      << transform.getRotation().z() << " | " <<
+      transform.getRotation().scalar() << ">\n}";
   return dbg;
 }
 

src/transform3D.h

@@ -77,14 +77,14 @@ public:
   //
   // Accessors
 
-  inline const QVector3D & translation() const { return mTranslation;}
-  inline const QVector3D & scale() const { return mScale; }
-  inline const QQuaternion & rotation() const { return mRotation; }
+  inline const QVector3D & getTranslation() const { return mTranslation;}
+  inline const QVector3D & getScale() const { return mScale; }
+  inline const QQuaternion & getRotation() const { return mRotation; }
   const QMatrix4x4 & toMatrix();
 
-  QVector3D forward() const;
-  QVector3D up() const;
-  QVector3D right() const;
+  QVector3D getForward() const;
+  QVector3D getUp() const;
+  QVector3D getRight() const;
 
   static const QVector3D LocalForward, LocalUp, LocalRight;